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The aim of present work is to study the flow and heat transport structures of hybrid nanoparticles in a moving material. Two types of hybrid nanoparticles have been chosen namely Al₂O₃-Cu and Al₂O₃-Ag nanoparticles (90%) within 10% of pure water.

Leading governing equations are transformed through similarity technique and then computed for numerical illustration by applying RKF method.

The author observed that the skin friction value of Al₂O₃-Cu/water case is lesser in comparison to the values of Nusselt number for Al₂O₃-Ag/water nanoparticles.

There exist no such study which addressed such phenomenon.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the 3D micropolar hybrid (Ag-CuO/H₂O) nanofluid past rapid moving surface, where porous medium has been considered.

The model of problem was represented by highly partial differential equations which were deduced by using suitable approximations (boundary layer). Then, the governing model was converted into five combined ordinary differential equations applying proper similarity transformations. Therefore, the eminent iterative Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method (RKF45) has been applied to solve the resulting equations.

Higher values of vortex viscosity, spin gradient viscosity and micro-inertia density parameters are reduced in horizontal direction, whereas opposite behaviour is noticed for vertical direction.

The work has not been done in the area of hybrid micropolar nanofluid. Hence, this article culminates to probe how to improve the thermal conduction and fluid flow in 3D boundary layer flow of micropolar mixture of nanoparticles driven by rapidly moving plate with convective boundary condition.

The purpose of this paper is to present the contexts for the four papers selected in the area of policy and institutional reforms in India. The two decades of reforms in India have lead to research from multiple perspectives and have thrown up rich repository of knowledge; and the selected papers form part of its continuum. The paper presents a brief overview on the aspects and thrust of these reforms in developed economies, and the learnings. This overview provides the frameworks for understanding reforms in emerging economies. There have been gains but it is still being debated. But, what is concerning policy makers and academicians is the pressure from developed economies and global think tanks to mimic them, when the advantages are still unclear.

This paper provides a conceptual overview and tries to present the overall framework in which the four papers have to be appreciated. The context itself is tuned to the focus of these papers. The selected papers cover a wide spectrum of domain and reform interventions. The approach is to weave together these papers around the theme of policy and institutional reforms in terms of instruments of interventions and their effectiveness. It also throws up issues for future research.

This paper can summarize the findings of these studies it emerges that various attempts are being in the realm of reform with different levels of effectiveness. These are also in different stages of implementation. The papers indicate that while there are gains from reforms, the full potential could not be reached or it is too early to say.

The relevance of this paper and the four papers that it presents are at two levels. First is the direct learning from these studies in their areas of focus. Second is in terms of discerning the common thread of reforms that runs through these papers; in terms of their content, implementation, and effectiveness. These attempts are fairly representative of the reform story that is emerging from India.

The purpose of this paper is to study the steady biomagnetic hybrid nanofluid (HNF) of oxytactic microorganisms taking place over a thin needle with a magnetic field using the modified Buongiorno’s nanoliquid model.

On applying the appropriate similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations were transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations. These equations have been then solved numerically using Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method of fourth–fifth order programming in MAPLE software. Features of the velocity profiles, temperature distribution, reduced skin friction coefficient, reduced Nusselt number and microorganisms’ flux, for different values of the governing parameters were analyzed and discussed.

It was observed that as the needle thickness and solid volume fraction increase, the temperature rises, but the velocity field decreases. For a higher Peclet number, the motile microorganism curve increases, and for a higher Schmidt number, the concentration curve rises.

On applying the modified Buongiorno’s model, the present results are original and new for the study of HNF flow and heat transfer past a permeable thin needle.

This study aims to investigate the flow behavior of aluminum oxide–water nanofluid with variable viscosity flowing through the microchannel parallel with the ground, with low aspect ratio. The study focuses on the first and second law analyses of Poiseuille flow using water as the base fluid with alumina nanoparticles suspended in it. Combined effects of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, variable viscosity, nanoparticle shape factor and volume fraction on the thermal performance are studied and the in-built irreversibility in the process is examined.

The governing equations with dimensions are reduced to non-dimensional equations by using dimensionless quantities. Then, the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg shooting scheme tackles the present non-linear equations.

The outcomes of the present analysis reveal that the activation energy parameter with its increase, depletes the exergetic effectiveness of the system, thus defending the fact to keep the activation energy parameter the lowest as possible for the system efficiency. In addition, thermal radiation and Biot number enhance the release of heat energy, thereby cooling the system. Bejan number graph exhibits the decreasing behavior for the increased nanoparticle shape factor, whereas the temperature enhances with the rise in nanoparticle shape factor.

The effects of nanoparticle shape factor in Poiseuille flow for alumina–water nanoliquid in low aspect ratio microchannel is inspected at the earliest. Exergetic effectiveness of the system is studied and heat transfer characteristics are explored for thermal radiation effect and activation energy parameter. Besides, BeηSphere>BeηBlades.

The idea of implementing supply chain management (SCM) principles for the construction industry was embraced by construction stakeholders to enhance the sector's performance. The analysis from the literature revealed that the implementation of SCM in the construction industry enhances the industry's value in terms of cost-saving, time savings, material management, risk management and others. The construction supply chain (CSC) can be managed using the pull or push system. This chapter also discusses the origin and proliferation of SCM into the construction industry. The chapter revealed that the concept of SCM has passed through five different eras: the creation era, the use of ERP, globalisation stage, specialisation stage and electronic stage. The findings from the literature revealed that we are presently in the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) era. At this stage, the SCM witnesses the adoption of technologies and principles driven by the 4IR. This chapter also revealed that the practice of SCM in the construction industry is centred around integration, collaboration, communication and the structure of the supply chain (SC). The forms and challenges hindering the adoption of these practices were also discussed extensively in this chapter.

Traditional artisans are the worst victims of globalisation and corporate entry into their local economy and hand-driven production processes. For their rehabilitation, protection, preservation and promotion of cultural heritage, embedded, inter alia, in the built environment, a suitable framework need to be crafted within the broad domain of mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) envisaged under The Indian Companies Act, 2013. Conceived in the above backdrop, the study attempts to situate traditional artisans as stakeholders worthy of development interventions under CSR. For want of studies and notable interventions in the above context, few small CSR cases are reviewed and a number of worthwhile areas of interventions are proposed in terms of a wish list, drawn from the socio, economic, educational, employment and cultural milieu of traditional artisans. It is found that they come under the discretionary category of stakeholders, who possess the attribute of legitimacy, but they have no power to influence the firms and no urgent claims. The study points to the necessity for establishing a National Artisans’ Rehabilitation and Development Fund, besides artisan-friendly sharpening of the schedule of CSR activities in the Indian context.

This paper aims to explore particle shape effect on Cu-H₂O nanoparticles over a moving plate in the presence of nonlinear thermal radiation. To characterize the effect, particle shape and viscous dissipation are considered. Convergent solutions for the resulting nonlinear systems are derived and the effects of embedded parameters of interest on velocity and temperature field are examined.

The Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth-fifth order method along with shooting technique is used to solve the governing equations (6) and (7) with boundary conditions (8). A suitable finite value of η_∞ is considered in such a way that the boundary conditions are satisfied asymptotically.

The results show an increase in both the heat transfer and thermodynamic performance of the system. However, among the three nanoparticle shapes, disk shape exhibited better heat transfer characteristics and heat transfer rate. On the other hand, the velocity profile enhances with increasing values of ϕ in the first solution, but the opposite trend was found in the second solution.

The present paper deals with an exploration of particle shape effect on Cu-H₂O nanoparticles over a moving plate in the presence of nonlinear thermal radiation. To characterize the effect, particle shape and viscous dissipation are considered. Convergent solutions for the resulting nonlinear systems are derived and the effects of embedded parameters of interest on velocity and temperature field are examined. The skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are numerically tabulated and discussed. The results show an increase in both heat transfer and thermodynamic performance of the system. However, among the three nanoparticle shapes, disk shape exhibited better heat-transfer characteristics and heat-transfer rate. On the other hand, the velocity profile enhances with increasing values of ϕ in the first solution, but the opposite trend was found in the second solution.

The purpose of this paper is to model the boundary layer flow and heat transfer of dusty fluid with suspended nanoparticles over a stretching surface. The effect of multiple slip and nonlinear thermal radiation is taken into the account. Adequate similarity transformations are used to obtain a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations to govern formulated problem. The resultant non-dimensionalized boundary value problem is solved numerically using the RKF-45 method. The profiles for velocity and temperature, which are controlled by thermophysical parameters, are presented graphically. Based on these plots, the conclusion is given and the obtained numerical results are tabulated. Observed interesting fact is that the SiO₂-water nanoparticles show a thicker thermal boundary layer than TiO₂-water nanoparticles.

The governing partial differential equations are approximated to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using suitable similarity transformations. An effective fourth–fifth-order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg integration scheme numerically solves these equations along with a shooting technique. The effects of various pertinent parameters on the flow and heat transfer are examined.

Present results have an excellent agreement with previous published results in the limiting cases. The values of skin friction and wall temperature for different governing parameters are also tabulated. It is demonstrated that the SiO₂-water nanoparticles show a thicker thermal boundary layer than TiO₂-water nanoparticles. It is interesting to note that the dusty nanofluids are found to have higher thermal conductivity.

This paper is a new work related to comparative study of TiO₂ and SiO₂ nanoparticles in heat transfer of dusty fluid flow.

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the scientific information of various qualities of bael fruit juice used in traditional system of medicine for variety of purposes. Utilization of bael fruit juice in day-to-day life has great nutritional, therapeutic, and commercial importance. Bael fruit contains nutrients like vitamins (riboflavin), minerals, trace elements, energy and phytochemicals, including flavonoids, polyphenols and antioxidants, that have been shown to have varied health benefits. In past few decades, bael has been extensively studied for its medicinal properties by advanced scientific techniques, and a variety of bioactive compounds like marmelosin, tannins, alkaloids, coumarins, steroids, rutacine, y-sitosterol, psoralin, xanthotoxin, scopolotein, aegelemine, aegeline, marmeline, fragrine, dictamine, cinnamide and different derivatives of cinnamide have been isolated from its fruit juice.

The medicinal value of bael fruit is very high when the harvests just begin to ripen. As a result, it has a high demand as alternative medicine for curing the diseases like diabetes, high cholesterol, peptic ulcer, inflammation, diarrhea and dysentery, constipation, respiratory infection. Furthermore, the bael fruit juice has anticancer, cardio protective, antibacterial, antifungal, radio protective, antipyretic, analgesic, antioxidant, antiviral, anthelmintic and anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, wound healing properties. The ripe fruit juice is aromatic, has cooling and laxative effects, and arrests secretion or bleeding.

The unripe or half-ripe fruit juice is good for digestion, useful in preventing or curing scurvy, and it strengthens the stomach action. It helps in the healing of ulcerated intestinal surfaces and has appreciable activity against intestinal pathogenic organisms. The present review summarizes the scientific information of various qualities of bael fruit juice used in traditional system of medicine for a variety of purposes.

It is quite evident from this review that bael is an important medicinal herb and extensively used in Ayurveda, Siddha and other medicinal systems. Bael fruit juice is an excellent source of water and natural sugar and is important principally for containing vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, antioxidants, pigments, energy, organic acids, dietary fiber and other food components, which are the key factors in the medicinal value of this plant. Moreover, mechanisms of action of a few bioactive compounds have been identified so far.